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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 150(3)mar. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409811

ABSTRACT

Background: The Learning Environment (LE) influences the performance of students, learning, social life, mental health, and the future of work. Aim: To assess the learning environment (LE) among medical residents of 64 specialties. Material and Methods: Two validated instruments "Postgraduate Hospital Education Environment Measure" (PHEEM) and "Ambulatory Care Learning Educational Environment" (ACLEEM), and open questions were answered online by 1259 residents from 15 universities. A descriptive and analytical statistical analysis and semantic deductive-inductive analyses of open questions were performed. Results: LE was positive rather than negative (PHEEM of 100.5 points (79-116) and ACLEEM of 138.5 points (120-157)). An age over 32 years, male sex, studying in a private university, being in first year of residence and being in a non-surgical specialty were associated with a better PHEEM score (p < 0.05). For ACLEEM, the first year of specialty, a non-surgical specialty and studying in a private university were associated with better scores (p < 0.05). Two programs had excellent LE (Pathological Anatomy and Ophthalmology) and no specialty had a very poor performance or many problems. Aspects of teaching, clinical activities, and teachers were strengths reported by students. Aspects to improve were teaching, protected times and clinical activities. Conclusions: LE among medical specialties had more positive than negative features, but with areas that should be improved.

2.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 83(3): 258-261, jun. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-643197

ABSTRACT

Commonly used in clinical practice, glutamic oxalacetic (GOT) and glutamic piruvic (GPT) transaminases are produced in various body tissues, including striated muscle, so their blood elevation is not due exclusively to liver disease. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the correlation between elevated creatinkinase (CK) and transaminases in patients with diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most frequent neuromuscular disease in children. Patients and Method: Assessment in 61 children with diagnosis of DMD of CK, AST and ALT levels, and their correlation. Results: Aill patients had increase of CK ( = 13.363 IU/L), AST ( = 203 lU/L) and ALT ( = 194 IU/L) above normal values. The increase of transaminases related directly with the increase of CK. Conclusion: Patients with DMD have increased transaminases, so it is necessary to include this diagnostic possibility in a child with hypertransaminemia, prior to performing liver biopsy.


Las transaminasas que comúnmente se utilizan en clínica, glutámico oxalacética (GOT) y glutámico pirúvica (GPT) son producidas en varios tejidos del organismo entre los cuales se cuenta el músculo estriado, por lo que la elevación de transaminasas en sangre no es producida exclusivamente por enfermedades hepáticas. Objetivo: Demostrar la correlación entre el alza de la creatinkinasa (CK) y transaminasas en pacientes con el diagnóstico de distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD), la enfermedad neuromuscular más frecuente en niños. Pacientes y Método: Evaluación en 61 niños con diagnóstico de DMD de los niveles de CK, GOT y GPT y la relación entre ellos. Resultados: Todos los pacientes presentaron aumento de CK ( = 13.363 IU/L), GOT ( = 203 IU/L) y GPT ( = 194 IU/L) sobre los valores normales. El aumento de transaminasas se relacionó en forma directa con aumento de CK. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con DMD presentan transaminasas aumentadas, por lo que es necesario incluir esta posibilidad diagnóstica en niños con hipertransaminasemia, previo a realizar biopsia hepática.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Creatine Kinase/blood , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/diagnosis , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/blood , Transaminases/blood , Creatine Kinase/analysis , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/enzymology , Reference Values , Transaminases/analysis
3.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 26: 54-59, jun. 2006. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-464204

ABSTRACT

Abbreviations PSN Peripheral Selective Neurotomy;SEF Spastic Equinus Foot;SHA Spastic Hip Adduction;SHW Spastic Hand-Wrist Introduction.PSN is a microsurgical partial section of motor branches whose aim is supress the monosinaptic tonic stretching reflex leading to reduction of harmful spasticity without excessive paresis, restoring the tonic agonist-antagonist balance in a limb segment.Aims. Assess the benefits of PSN for treatment of disabling spasticity in children and teenager population. Method.19 consecutive patients (68 por ciento males,age 5-23 ), were treated through PSN.10 patients had SEF or SHA, and 9 had SHW.The inclusion criteria were age of 4 years or more; focused disabling spasticity at least grade 2 in Ashworth Mod. Scale; failure of previous non-surgical therapies; duration of spasticity more than 2 years, positive response to the motor anaesthetic block test; no evidence of irreductible muscle contracture. The goals of surgery were to improve function, cosmetics and confort of the affected limb segment. Clinical evaluation of spasticity (Ashworth Modified Scale), articular mobility (Goniometry), Gait (Video and gait analysis), and Prehension (Functional 440 pts. Scale), were performed. Results.The postoperative follow-up period range from 1 to 18 months. Spasticity was reduced in all the muscles denervated. The triceps surae spasticity reduction in SEF patients remain stable over a follow-up period of 6-18 months. 7/9 SEF patients improved ankle active dorsiflexion, ½ SHA improved hip abduction, while a mean improvement of 31.3° in wrist supination and 28.7° in wrist extension was achieved in the SHW group. 8/9 SEF patients showed improvement in 1 or more of the following gait features: ankle dorsiflexion, length of step, gait speed, proximal kinematic segment performance. The prehension improved in 7 patients (78 por ciento).All SHW patients improved their confort and limb cosmetics. 3 patients 15 por ciento) had transient dysesthesia...


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Disability Evaluation , Gait , Hand , Hand Strength , Hip , Muscle Spasticity , Nerve Block , Peripheral Nerves/surgery , Equinus Deformity/pathology , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods
4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-416682

ABSTRACT

Siendo un síntoma frecuente en niños y adolescentes, la evaluación racional de la cefalea parte con una historia completa y cuidadosa. El primer paso es caracterizar este síntoma e identificar el patrón temporal de la cefalea. El paso siguiente es el examen físico y neurológico, con énfasis en el examen del disco óptico, movimientos oculares, búsqueda de asimetría motora o sensitiva, coordinación, marcha y reflejos. Luego de esta etapa, en la mayoría de los casos podemos saber si estamos ante una cefalea primaria o secundaria. La decisión de indicar exámenes de laboratorio y/o neuroimágenes debe ser tomada sólo después de contar con una historia y examen completos que orienten hacia una cefalea secundaria. Las neuroimágenes están indicadas especialmente en niños con cefalea crónica progresiva, cambio del patrón temporal o alteración del examen neurológico. Una vez que el diagnóstico de cefalea está establecido, el manejo futuro se basará, en el caso de las cefaleas secundarias, en la resolución de la causa y en el caso de las cefaleas primarias, en una terapia de acuerdo a la frecuencia y severidad de la cefalea y del impacto que produzca en la calidad de vida del niño, lo que exige un registro cuidadoso de los episodios y factores asociados (calendario de cefaleas).


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Headache/classification , Headache/etiology , Headache/pathology , Headache/therapy , Migraine Disorders/classification , Migraine Disorders/etiology , Migraine Disorders/pathology
5.
Pediatría (Santiago de Chile) ; 2(1)abr. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-416688

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades neuromusculares (ENM) son causa frecuente de morbilidad pediátrica, con una amplia variedad de motivos de consulta, lo que dificulta en ocasiones la aproximación diagnóstica inicial. Dado que muchos de estos trastornos son causa de discapacidad progresiva en el niño, el diagnóstico oportuno es fundamental. Las herramientas más importantes en su estudio son la anamnesis y el examen clínico completo y detallado. Este abordaje eminentemente clínico permite establecer un diagnóstico sindromático, orientar hacia cuadros específicos más probables y dirigir el estudio de laboratorio. El laboratorio neuromuscular incluye una serie de exámenes que ayudan a la identificación de estos cuadros y al diagnóstico diferencial entre fenotipos comunes. Sin embargo su indicación debe ser hecha por el especialista considerando utilidad y limitaciones. Los objetivos del estudio diagnóstico son: establecer un consejo genético, definir el pronóstico aproximado, según las posibilidades terapéuticas disponibles a nivel mundial, y establecer un plan de tratamiento actualizado, orientado a mantener función, prevenir complicaciones y mejorar calidad de vida. Igualmente importante es identificar cuadros que tienen tratamiento específico y que de no tratarse tendrían consecuencias deletéreas en el desarrollo y función motora del niño.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Disabled Children , Neuromuscular Diseases/classification , Neuromuscular Diseases/diagnosis , Neuromuscular Diseases/pathology , Neuromuscular Diseases/therapy
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